*MONEY EXPLAINED IN YORUBA LANGUAGE # OWÓ*

*MONEY # OWÓ*

Oríkì: Owó ni ohunkóhun tó ṣeé gbà ní alákòópọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí alárenà pàṣípààrọ̀ àti ohun ìsan gbèsè. A tún lè ki owó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohunkóhun tó ṣeé gbà ní alákòópọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí alárenà ìsanwó.

*Trade by barter # Ìṣòwò nípa pàṣípààrọ̀*

Oríkì: Ìṣòwò nípa pàṣípààrọ̀ ní a lè kì gẹ́gẹ́ bí irú ìṣòwò nínú èyí tí a ti ń ṣe pàṣípààrọ̀ àwọn ire tààrà fún àwọn ire mìíràn láìsí ìlò owó gẹ́gẹ́ bí alárenà pàṣípààrọ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, bí ẹni kan bá ní gààrí, tó sì nílò erèé, ó gbọ́dọ̀ ṣàwárí ẹni kan tó ní erèé tó sì nílò gààrí. Ìṣòwò nípa pàṣípààrọ̀ ní àwọn ìfàsẹ́yìn púpọ̀.

*Problems or disadvantages of trade by barter # Àwọn ìṣòro tàbí àìláǹfààní ìṣòwò nípa pàṣípààrọ̀*

(1) Problems of double coincidence of wants # Ìṣòro kòńgẹ́ oníbejì ní ti àwọn afẹ́: Èyí níkòósínú wíwà ẹni kan tí ó nílò ohun tí ìwọ ní, tí òun sì ní ohun tí ìwọ nílò lẹ́ẹ̀kan náà. Ṣíṣe èyí túmọ̀ sí ìṣòro gidi.

(2) No fixed rate of exchange # Àìsí ìdíwọ̀n àmúró fún pàṣípààrọ̀: Ìṣòro ìpinnu lórí ìdíwọ̀n pàṣípààrọ̀ máa ń wà láàárín àwọn àgbéjáde méjì. Àwọn ìdíwọ̀n pàṣípààrọ̀ ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ni a gbọ́dọ̀ pinnu láti dúró fún ìbádòwòpọ̀ kọ̀ọ̀kan ṣáájú kí ó tó wáyé, fún àpẹẹrẹ, iye gààrí tí yóò pààrọ̀ fún erèé.

(3) Wastage of time and effort # Ìfiṣòfò àkókò àti ìyànjú: Ètò pàṣípààrọ̀ máa ń yọrí sí ìfiṣòfò àkókò àti okun nítorí pé ènìyàn ní láti wá ẹni kan tí yóò bá ṣe pàṣípààrọ̀ àwọn ire.

(4) Problems of indivisibility # Ìṣòro àìṣeépín: Ọ̀pọ̀lọ́pọ̀ àwọn ire ni kò ṣeé pín sí àwọn ẹyọ tó rọrùn nítorí pé wọ́n wúwo tí wọn kò sì ṣe í pín. Nítorí náà, èyí kò ṣe kóríyá fún àti-ṣeépín.

(5) Problems created by bulkiness of some goods # Ìṣòro tí ìbùháyà àwọn ire kan ń fà: Àwọn ire kan tí a fẹ́ ṣe pàṣípààrọ̀ rẹ̀ bùháyà tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tó jẹ́ pé yóò ṣòro fún ènìyàn láti máa gbé káàkiri.

(6) No room for deferred payment # Kò sí àyè fún ìsanwó àlọ́lára: Nínú ìṣòwò nípa pàṣípààrọ̀, kò sáyè fún ìsanwó àlọ́lára. Ènìyàn kò lè gba àwọn ire kan kó wá nírètí láti sanwó ní ọjọ́ mìíràn. Pàṣípààrọ̀ nílò sísan ojúẹsẹ̀.

(7) It discourages borrowing and lending. # Ó máa n kórẹ̀wẹ̀sì bá yíyá àti ìyáni: Yíyá àti ìyáni kò fẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́ ṣeé ṣe lábẹ́ ìṣòwò nípa pàṣípààrọ̀ ní bí kò ṣe sí ẹyọ ìpéwọ̀n (standard unit) fún wíwọ̀n.

(8) It discourages large scale production. # Ó máa ń kórẹ̀wẹ̀sì bá ìgbéjáde olóṣùwọ̀n ńlá: Látàrí àwọn ìṣòro tó wà nínú ìṣòwò nípa pàṣípààrọ̀, ó máa ń yọrí sí kí àwọn ènìyàn máa ṣe ìgbéjáde àwọn ire fún kìkì ara wọn àti àwọn ìdílé wọn. Ní gbólóhùn mìíràn, ìṣòwò nípa pàṣípààrọ̀ máa ń ṣe kóríyá fún tító-fúnra-ẹni; fún yẹn ó máa ń fi gbèdéke sí ìlákànṣe làálàá.

(9) Difficulty in storing wealth # Ìṣòro ní ti kíkó ọrọ̀ pamọ́: Ètó pàṣípààrọ̀, láìrí bíi towó, kì í ṣe kóríyá fún ìkópamọ́ ọrọ̀. Ó ṣòro láti kó ọrọ̀ tàbí iyeorí pamọ́, pàápàá tí a bá ń sọ̀rọ̀ àwọn ire tó lè díbàjẹ́ bí iṣu àti tòmátò ọ̀sìngín.

*Historical development of money # Ìdàgbàsókè owó nínú àrọ́bá*

Owó jẹyọ látàrí oríṣìíríṣìí ìṣòro tí ó dìde láti inú ìṣòwò nípa pàṣípààrọ̀. Nígbà láéláé, àwọn ẹrù-ọjà ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ló ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí owó ní àwọn orílẹ̀èdè ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀. Mààlúù, owó-ẹyọ, ìkarawun, tábà àti ìlẹ̀kẹ̀ ni a lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí alárenà pàṣípààrọ̀ ní àsìkò kan tàbí òmíràn. Nígbòóṣe, àwọn ajọrin iyebíye (precious metals) bíi fàdákà àti wúrà ni a lò. Iye àwọn ajọrin náà ni a máa ń wọ̀n jáde nígbàkúgbà tí ìsanwó bá fẹ́ wáyé. Nígbà tó yá, a gé àwọn ajọrin náà sí àwọn ìwúwo pàtó, látara bẹ́ẹ̀ a ṣe ìfisíta àwọn owó-kọ́ìn oníyeorí onígbèdékè.

Lílo owó pépà jẹyọ látara lílo rìsíìtì tí àwọn alágbẹ̀dẹ wúrà máa ń fisíta ní pàṣípààrọ̀ fún àwọn ìjùúlẹ̀ àwọn ajọrin iyebiye. Àwọn rìsíìtì náà ló di owó pépà tí àwọn alágbẹ̀dẹ wúrà náà sì di oníbáńkì.

*Qualities or characteristics of money # Àwọn ìwọ̀ntayọ̀ tàbí àwọn àbùdá owó*

(1) General acceptability # Ìṣeégbà alákòópọ̀: Owó gbọ́dọ̀ ṣeé gbà ní alákòópọ̀ lọ́dọ̀ gbogbo ènìyàn nínú àwùjọ tàbí orílẹ̀èdè gẹ́gẹ́ bí alárenà pàṣípààrọ̀. Èyí ń ṣàfihàn ìfọ̀kànbalẹ̀ tí àwọn ènìyàn ní nínú owó.

(2) Portability # Ìṣeégbékiri: Ohun-rírí tí yóò ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí owó gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ kinní kan tó ṣeé gbé kiri láti ibi kan sí òmíràn, tó túmọ̀ sí pé ohun-rírí náà gbọ́dọ̀ fúyẹ́ ní gbígbé.

(3) Relative scarcity # Ọ̀wọ́n aláfiwé: Owó gbọ́dọ̀ wọ́n ní aláfiwe; ìyẹn ní pé kò gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀jù kó má bàá pàdánù iyeorí rẹ̀.

(4) Homogeneity # Ìjẹ́rúkannáà: Ẹyọ owó kọ̀ọ̀kan gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ nǹkan kan náà ní títóbi, ní àwọ̀ àti ní ìwọ̀ntayọ kí ó sì jẹ́ nǹkan kan náà kárí orílẹ̀èdè.

(5) Durability # Ìlálòpẹ́: Ohun-rírí tí yóò ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí owó gbọ́dọ̀ lè dúró pẹ́, kò gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ ẹrù-ọjà tó lè díbàjẹ́, ó gbọ́dọ̀ lè kojú àdánwò àkókò.

(6) Stability # Ìdúróṣinṣin: Iyeorí owó gbọ́dọ̀ dúró ṣinṣin. Ìdúróṣinṣin iyeorí rẹ̀ yóò ṣèrànwọ́ fún òwò láti ṣeé sọtẹ́lẹ̀, yóò sì ṣe kóríyá fún ìyáni àti yíyá owó.

(7) Divisibility # Ìṣeépín: Owó gbọ́dọ̀ lágbára ká lè pín in sí àwọn ẹyọ kéékèèké, fún àpẹẹrẹ, N1000, N500 àti N200, láti mú kí ó lè ra àwọn ẹrù-ọjà tó wọ́nwó àti èyí tó gbọ̀pọ̀.

(8) Recognisability # Ìṣeédámọ̀: Owó gbọ́dọ̀ ṣeé dámọ̀ nírọ̀rùn lọ́dọ̀ gbogbo ènìyàn pátápátá nínú àwùjọ. Kò gbọ́dọ̀ rọrùn láti ṣe awúrúju rẹ̀.

(9) No intrinsic value # Àìsí iyeorí àtinúwá: Ẹrù-ọjà tí yóò ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí owó kò gbọ́dọ̀ ní iyeorí tó ju bínńtín, bí yóò bá tiẹ̀ ní rárá, yàtọ̀ sí iyeorí pàṣípààrọ̀ rẹ̀.

*Functions of money # Àwọn ojúṣe owó*

(1) Medium of exchange # Alárenà pàṣípààrọ̀: Owó lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí alárenà nípasẹ̀ èyí tí àwọn ènìyàn lè ṣe pàṣípààrọ̀ àwọn ire àti àwọn iṣẹ́-ìsìn. A lè lo owó láti ra onírúurú ire àti iṣẹ́-ìsìn.

(2) Standard of deferred payment # Ìpéwọ̀n fún ìsanwó alọ́lára: Níwọ̀n ìgbà tí owó ṣeé kópamọ́, a lè tele rẹ̀ jọ láti san àwọn gbèsè tí a múró ní àsọyé owó. Owó lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí alárenà nípasẹ̀ èyí tí a lè sanwó àwọn ìbádòwòpọ̀ àwìn lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lílo owó jẹ́ kó ṣeé ṣe láti lọ́ ìsanwó lára kúrò ní àsìkò yìí sí déètì ọjọ́ọwájú.

(3) Unit of account # Ẹyọ fún ìṣíròowó: Ní ṣíṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹyọ fún ìṣíròowó, ó di ohun tó ṣeé ṣe ní ti àmúṣe fún ẹni kọ̀ọ̀kan àti àwọn kọ́ńpìnnì láti tọ́jú àkọọ́lẹ̀ ìṣíròowó fún àwọn ìbádòwòpọ̀ sínú àwọn ìwí báńkì, àwọn lẹ́jà àti àwọn rìsíìtì.

(4) Storage of value # Ìtọ́jú iyeorí: Owó jẹ́ ìtọ́jú dídára fún iyeorí nítorí pé a lè tọ́jú ọrọ̀ fún lílò ọjọ́ọwájú. Nígbà tí kò bá sí ọ̀wọ́ngógó, owó tí a tọ́jú tàbí fipamọ́ yóò mú iyeorí rẹ̀ dání fún ọ̀pọ̀lọ́pọ̀ ọdún.

(5) As a measure of value # Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n iyeorí: Iyeorí àwọn ire àti àwọn iṣẹ́-ìsìn máa ń di fífihan nípasẹ̀ àwọn iyeowó-ọjà, nítorí náà a máa ń lo owó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀pákùtẹ̀lẹ̀ láti wọ̀n àti láti ṣàfiwé iyeorí àwọn ire, àwọn iṣẹ́-ìsìn, àti àwọn iṣẹ́-iṣe pẹ̀lú.

~Hakeem O. Adeniyan, 8/3/2022

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Economics In Yoruba Language

MONEY EXPLAINED IN YORUBA LANGUAGE # OWÓ

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