COMMERCIAL BANKS # BÁŃKÌ KÁRÀKÁTÀ

*COMMERCIAL BANKS # BÁŃKÌ KÁRÀKÁTÀ*

Oríkì: Báńkì káràkátà jẹ́ ìgbékalẹ̀ olówónàá kan tó máa ń gba ìjùúlẹ̀ àti àwọn ohun iyebíye mìíràn láti ọ̀dọ̀ aráàlú fún ìfipamọ́ aláìléwu, pẹ̀lú àfojúsùn kan ṣoṣo láti jèrè. Ní gbólóhùn mìíràn, báńkì káràkátà jẹ́ ìgbékalẹ̀ olówónàá kan tó máa ń ṣe iṣẹ́-ìsìn ìmúdání owó àti àsùnwọ̀n àwọn ènìyàn àti lílò irúfẹ́ owó bẹ́ẹ̀ láti pèsè ẹ̀yáwó àti àwọn iṣẹ́-ìsìn olówónàá fún àwọn oníbàárà. Àwọn ẹ̀yáwó náà máa ń sábà wà fún àsìkò kúkúrú àti àsìkò ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì. Àwọn ẹni kọ̀ọ̀kan aládàáni, àwọn ìgbékalẹ̀ tàbí àwọn ìjọba ló máa ń ni báńkì káràkátà. Ó jẹ́ kọ́ńpìnnì àtijẹ̀bi onígbèdéke.

Díẹ̀ nínú àwọn báńkì káràkátà ní Nàìjíríà ni: First Bank of Nig. Plc., Union Bank of Nig. Plc., Zenith Bank Plc., Access Bank Plc., Diamond Bank Plc., àti Guaranty Trust Bank Plc.

*Functions of commercial banks # Àwọn ojúṣe báńkì káràkátà*

(1) Acceptance of deposit # Gbígba ìjùúlẹ̀: Àwọn báńkì káràkátà máa ń gba ìjùúlẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn aráàlú fún ìfipamọ́ aláìléwu. Èyí ni ojúṣe pípẹ́ jùlọ ti báńkì káràkátà, tó máa ń ṣèrànwọ́ láti tọ́jú owó àwọn ènìyàn. A lè tọ́jú owó sí àsùnwọ̀n oníṣàn, àsùnwọ̀n ìfipamọ́ àti àsùnwọ̀n ìjùúlẹ̀ àmúró.

(2) Lending of money # Ìyáni lówó: Bóyá èyí gan-an ni ojúṣe elérè jùlọ ti báńkì káràkátà. Àwọn ìjùúlẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn oníbàárà ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ni a máa ń tùjọ tí a sì ń fisíta fún àwọn ènìyàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀yáwó àti àsanlé tó ní èlé fún ìdókòwò elérè.

(3) Agent of payment # Aṣojú ìsanwó: Àwọn báńkì káràkátà lè ṣe aṣojú ìsanwó fún àwọn oníbàárà wọn. Wọ́n máa ń ṣe kóríyá àti ìgbàláyè fún àwọn oníbàárà láti ní àsùnwọ̀n oníṣàn nínú èyí tí wọ́n ti lè kọ sọ̀wédowó láti rajà. A lè tàtaré owó láti inu àsùnwọ̀n kan sí òmíràn, fún àpẹẹrẹ, àtaré ìwínni (credit transfer).

(4) Safe keeping of valuables # Ìfipamọ́ aláìléwu ti àwọn ohun iyebíye: Ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ojúṣe àwọn báńkì káràkátà ni láti tọ́jú àwọn ohun iyebíye àwọn oníbàárà bíi àwọn ọ̀ṣọ́-ara, ìwé-ẹ̀rí, ìwé-ìpíngún, abbl.

(5) Discounting bill of exchange # Ìyọwó ìwé-ìjẹlówó: Àwọn ayánilówó ni a lè sanwó fún láti ọwọ́ báńkì lójúẹsẹ̀ nípa ìyọwó ìwe-ìjẹlówó lórukọ àwọn oníbàárà wọn. Èyí máa ń jẹ́ kó ṣeéṣe fún àwọn ayánilówó tàbí awínni láti jẹ́ kí á sanwó wọn lọ́gán, tí ajigbèsè yóò sì ní ìgbàláyè àsìkò kan fún ìwínni.

(6) Issuance of bank statement # Ìfisíta ìwí báńkì: Lóòrèkóòrè, àwọn báńkì máa ń pèsè, wọ́n sì máa ń fi àwọn ìwí báńkì ránṣẹ́ sí àwọn oníbàárà wọn láti ṣàfihàn ìbádòwòpọ̀ wọn pẹ̀lú wọn.

(7) Investment and stock exchange transactions # Ìdókòwò àti àwọn ìbádòwòpọ̀ pàṣípààrọ̀ owó-ìdókòwò: Àwọn báńkì máa ń dúró gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣojú fún àwọn oníbàárà wọn nínú rírà àti títà àwọn ohun ààbò, fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìpín-ìdókòwò níbi pàṣípààrọ̀ owó-ìdókòwò.

(8) Issuance of traveller’s cheque # Ìfisíta sọ̀wédowó arìnrìnàjò: Àwọn sọ̀wédowó arìnrìnàjò ni a sábà máa ń fisíta fún àwọn tó ń rìnrìnàjò lọ sí òkè-òkun lójúnà àti-sọ àwọn ìbádòwòpọ̀ káràkátà wọn dìrọ̀rùn.

(9) Foreign exchange transaction # Ìbádòwòpọ̀ pàṣípààrọ̀ òkèèrè: Àwọn báńkì káràkátà máa ń mú kí kọ́rẹ́ńsì ilẹ̀ òkèèrè wà fún àwọn oníbàárà wọn. Wọ́n máa ń kópa nínú ọjà pàṣípààrọ̀ òkèèrè, wọ́n sì ń ṣèrànwọ́ láti yanjú èyíkéyìí ìṣòro tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú pàṣípààrọ̀ òkèèrè.

(10) Provision of financial advice # Ìpèsè ìmọ̀ràn olówónàá: Àwọn báńkì káràkátà máa ń ṣe kóríyá, wọ́n sì ń gba àwọn olókoòwò nímọ̀ràn lórí irú àkànṣe-iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n lè fi owó wọn dókòwò nínú rẹ̀.

(11) Facilitating international trade # Ìsọdìrọ̀rùn òwò àgbáyé: Àwọn báńkì káràkátà máa ń pèsè àwọn ẹ̀yáwó fún àwọn olùkójáde; èyí sì máa ń múrọ̀rùn bá ìsanwó òwò òkèèrè.

(12) Acting as executor for their customers # Dídúró bí olùmúṣẹ fún àwọn oníbàárà wọn: Àwọn báńkì káràkátà lè ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ìkápá wọn láti mú ìfẹ́-ọkàn àwọn oníbàárà wọn ṣẹ.

*Types of bank accounts # Oríṣìíríṣìí àsùnwọ̀n báńkì*

Oríṣìíríṣìí àsùnwọ̀n mẹ́ta ló wà tí àwọn oníbàárà lè ṣí ní báńkì. Àwọn náà ni àsùnwọ̀n oníṣàn , àsùnwọ̀n ìfipamọ́ àti àsùnwọ̀n ìjùúlẹ̀ àmúró.

*Current account # Àsùnwọ̀n oníṣàn*

Àsùnwọ̀n oníṣàn ni oríṣìí àsùnwọ̀n báńkì tí a sábà máa ń múṣiṣẹ́ láti ọwọ́ àwọn olókoòwò àti àwọn ìgbékalẹ̀; a sì nílò rẹ̀ tí oníbàárà kan bá nífẹ̀ẹ́ láti máa sanwó nípasẹ̀ sọ̀wédowó. Ní ti àsùnwọ̀n oníṣàn, oníbàárà ní òmìnira láti gbowó jáde nígbà tó fẹ́. A óò fún oníbàárà náà ní ìwé sọ̀wédowó èyí tí yóò máa lò láti gbowó jáde nígbàkígbà. Àwọn alásùnwọ̀n oníṣàn kò lẹ́tọ̀ọ́ sí èlé; ṣùgbọ́n báńkì máa ń ka owó-ọ̀yà sí wọn lọ́rùn ni. Wọ́n lè gba ẹ̀yáwó àti asanlé ní báńkì náà.

*Procedure for opening a current account # Ìrìnàjò ṣíṣí àsùnwọ̀n oníṣàn*

(1) Oníbàárà yóò gbà, yóò sì kún fọ́ọ̀mù ìbẹ̀bẹ̀.

(2) Yóò fi iye àlàálẹ̀ fọ́tò pélébé sílẹ̀.

(3) Onígbọ̀wọ́ tàbí ẹlẹ́rìí méjì gbọ́dọ̀ di pípèsè láti yin olùbẹ̀bẹ̀ náà.

(4) Oníbàárà náà yóò ṣe ìfisílẹ̀ àwọn pàápàá rẹ̀ ní kíkún fún báńkì náà, ní ṣíṣàfihàn ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́ aláraẹni, ní pàtàkì tí àsùnwọ̀n náà bá jẹ́ ti ẹni kan; ṣùgbọ́n tó bá jẹ́ àsùnwọ̀n ti kọ́ńpìnnì, àwọn ìwe mìíràn bíi ìwéẹ̀rí ìsọdikọ́ńpìnnì, àwòrántí àti oríkèéríkèé-ofin ẹgbẹ́, abbl. ni a gbọ́dọ̀ fi kún un.

(5) Báńkì náà yóò ṣe ìfisíta ìwé-pélébé-àjákọ̀ ìsanwówọlé fún un.

(6) A óò fún un ní nọ́ńbà àsùnwọ̀n kan.

(7) Yóò san owó ìjùúlẹ̀ ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ wọlé.

(8) A óò fún un ní iwé sọ̀wédowó kan.

*Savings account # Àsùnwọ̀n ìfipamọ́*

Àsùnwọ̀n ìfipamọ́ ni oríṣìí àsùnwọ̀n báńkì tó wọ́pọ̀ jùlọ. Ó máa ń ṣe kóríyá fún àwọn olówó-àpawọlé kéékèèké láti jogún ìwà ìfipamọ́. Irú àsùnwọ̀n yìí ni a máa n múṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú lílo ìwé àkọọ́lẹ̀ pélébé. A máa ń san èlé fún àwọn olùni àsùnwọ̀n ìfipamọ́ nítorí títọ́jú owó wọn pamọ́ sí báńkì; tí ìgbàjáde owó wọn bá sì ju ẹ̀ẹ̀méjì nínú oṣù kan, ó lè má sìí èlé.

*Fixed deposit account # Àsùnwọ̀n ìjùúlẹ̀ àmúró*

Àsùnwọ̀n ìjùúlẹ̀ àmúró, tí a tún ń pè ní àsùnwọ̀n ìjùúlẹ̀ alákòókò, ni oríṣìí àsùnwọ̀n èyí tí a sábà máa ń múṣiṣẹ́ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ẹni kọ̀ọ̀kan àti àwọn ìgbékalẹ̀ tí ó ní àpọ̀jù ìwútà. Wọ́n yóò fi apákan àpọ̀jù ìwútà tàbí owó náà sínú àsùnwọ̀n ìjùúlẹ̀ àmúró tàbí alákòókò lójúnà àti-rí èlé. Àwọn olùni àsùnwọ̀n yìí lẹ́tọ̀ọ́ sí èlé gíga ju ti àsùnwọ̀n ifipamọ́. Àwọn oníbàárà lè gbowó jáde lábẹ́ ìpàkíyèsí ọlọ́jọ́ méje. Àwọn ènìyàn máa ń fowópamọ́ sínú àsùnwọn ìjùúlẹ̀ àmúró fún èrèdí kan pàtó; a sì lè sọ ọ́ dọ̀tun nígbà to bá gbó. A óò fún oníbàárà náà ní ìwé àkọọ́lẹ̀ pélébé ti àsùnwọ̀n ìjùúlẹ̀. Ìjùúlẹ̀ àmúró máa ń di gbígbàjáde ní àkókò àjọhùn.

*Ìbéèrè*

Kí ni ìtumọ̀ ìwútà gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe lò ó nínú ẹ̀kọ́ yìí? Kí ni à ń pè é lédè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì?

*~Hakeem O. Adeniyan, 27/02/2022*

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Economics In Yoruba Language

COMMERCIAL BANKS # BÁŃKÌ KÁRÀKÁTÀ

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