*AGRICULTURE # IṢẸ́-Ọ̀GBÌN*

Oríkì: Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn ni a lè kì kedere gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ìgbéjáde àwọn irè-oko àti ọ̀sìn àwọn ẹranko fún lílò ènìyàn. Ní gbólóhùn mìíràn, iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn ni ìgbìyànjù àmọ̀ọ́nmọ̀ṣe láti ọwọ́ ènìyàn láti túlẹ̀, láti dáko àti láti sin àwọn ẹranko fún oúnjẹ àti fuǹ àwọn èrèdí mìíràn.

Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn jẹ́ ọ̀kan nínú àwọn abala pàtàkì jùlọ nínú ọrọ̀ajé ọ̀pọ̀lọ́pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀èdè Ìwọ̀oòrùn Áfíríkà. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé à ń mú iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn ṣe jáléjáko ní àkàsọ̀ àrojẹ, bíi 60 sí 70 ìdá nínú ọgọ́ọ̀rún iye ènìyàn Ìwọ̀oòrùn Áfíríkà ló gbà síṣẹ́.

*Components of agriculture # Àwọn ẹ̀yà iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn*

Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn ní àwọn ẹ̀yà tàbí àwọn ẹ̀ka púpọ̀. Àwọn ẹ̀yà rẹ̀ pàtàkì jùlọ ni:

(1) Crop production # Ìgbéjáde irè-oko: Èyí ni ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn tó ní nǹkan í ṣe gbòógì pẹ̀lú dídá oko. Ìgbéjáde irè-oko ni a pín sí ìsọ̀rí méjì gbòógì: àwọn irè-oko jíjẹ àti àwọn ire-oko àsọdowó. À ń dáko irè-oko jíjẹ láti pèsè oúnjẹ fún àwọn olùgbélùú tàbí gbòógì fún ìṣàmúlò. Àpẹẹrẹ irè-oko jíjẹ ni ìrẹsì, agbado, ẹ̀pà, ewébẹ̀, iṣu, ẹ̀gẹ́, abbl. Àwọn ire-oko àsọdowo nídàkejì ni à ń dáko rẹ̀ gbòógì fún títà. Ní gbólóhùn mìíran, àwọn irè-oko àsọdowó ni à ń gbéjáde nípìlẹ̀ fún ìkójáde láti pawó wọlé tàbí fún pàṣípààrọ̀ òkèèrè fún ọrọ̀ajé orílẹ̀èdè àti fún ìlò àwọn iléeṣẹ́. Àpẹẹrẹ irè-oko àsọdowó ni kòkó, ọsàn, rọ́bà, òwú àti ọ̀pẹ.

(2) Livestock farming # Ọ̀sìn ẹran: Ọ̀sìn ẹran níkòósínú sínsin àwọn ẹranko yálà fún ìṣàmúlò tàbí fún títà. Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn ni mààlúù, àgùntàn, ewúrẹ̀, kẹ́tẹ́kẹ́tẹ́, adìẹ, ehoro, ìgbín àti ọ̀yà. A máa ń sin àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn yìí fún àwọn èrèdí púpọ̀, fún àpẹẹrẹ, fún ẹran, àsọdowó, ìrìnkèrindò àti eré-ìdárayá.

(3) Forestry # Ìtọ́jú igbó: Ìtọ́jú igbó ni iṣẹ́ gbíngbin, ìtọ́jú àti ìdarí àwọn igbó, tó fi mọ́ ìṣàmúlò àwọn àgbéjáde rẹ̀. Púpọ̀ jùlọ nínú àwọn igi tí à ń rí nínú igbó ni ó jẹ́ èyí tó ń hù jáde fúnra rẹ̀ tàbí tí à ń gbìn fún àwọn èrèdí pàtó. Apákan lára àwọn igi tí a sábà máa ń rí nínu igbo ni Ìrókò, Òbéṣè, Màhógánì, Ẹ́bónì, Òpèpé, Afàrà àti Tíìkì. Igbó ṣe pàtàkì fún ìpèsè oúnnẹ, epo, egbògi, iṣẹ́, ẹran-igbó, pàṣípààrọ̀ òkèèrè, gẹdú àti ẹ̀bẹ̀tẹ̀ fún pépà ṣíṣe.

(4) Fish farming # Ọ̀sìn ẹja: Ọ̀sìn ẹja ni iṣẹ́ sínsin àwọn àṣàyàn ẹ̀yà ẹja lábẹ́ àwọn ìṣesí tí a kójàánu pẹ̀lú sáyẹ́ńsì nínú àwọn àkámọ́ ibú omi bíi àwọn adágún, akérémọdò, odò, àgbáńlákun, abbl, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń jẹun, dàgbà, bísíi tí a sì ń kórè wọn fún ìṣàmúlò tàbí fún títà. Ọ̀sìn ẹja máa ń pèsè oúnjẹ, iṣẹ́, owó-àpawọlé àti pàṣípààrọ̀ òkèèrè fún ọ̀pọ̀lọ́pọ̀ orílẹ̀èdè, pàápàá tí a bá kó àwọn ẹja náà jáde lọ sí àwọn orílẹ̀èdè mìíràn.

*Systems of agriculture # Àwọn ètò iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn*

1) Peasant farming # Iṣẹ́ oko àrojẹ: Iṣẹ́ oko àrojẹ ni a lè kì gẹ́gẹ́ bí irú iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn tí ó ní nǹkan í ṣe pẹ̀kú ìgbéjáde oúnjẹ fún àgbẹ̀ àti ìdílé rẹ̀. Ní gbólóhùn mìíràn, ó jẹ́ ètò iṣẹ́ oko kan níbi tí àgbẹ̀ kan ti ń dáko àwọn irè oko tó sì ń sin àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn lójúnà àti-pèsè oúnjẹ fún lílò ara rẹ̀ àti ìdílé rẹ̀ nìkan.

*Characteristics of peasant farming # Àwọn àbùdá iṣẹ́ oko àrojẹ*

(a) Ó nílò agbègbè ilẹ̀ kékeré.

(b) Làálàá ìdílé ni a sábà máa ń lò.

(d) Àwọn irinṣẹ́ rọ̀bì bíi àdá, ọkọ́, abbl. ni a sábà máa ń lò.

(e) Kì í sábà ṣẹ́kù ju díẹ̀ bó bá tiẹ̀ ṣẹ́kù rárá fún títà.

(f) Ó nílò ojúowó kekèré láti múṣiṣẹ́.

(g) Irè oko jíjẹ bíi ìrẹsì, iṣu àti àgbàdo ni a sábà máa ń gbìn.

2) Plantation farming # Iṣẹ́ oko aládàáńlá: Iṣẹ́ oko aládàáńlá níkòósínú dídáko àwọn irè oko ọlọ́rọ̀ajé kan sórí agbègbè ilẹ̀ fífẹ̀. Nínú irú iṣẹ́ oko yìí irè oko kan ṣoṣo ni a máa ń gbìn sórí agbègbè ilẹ̀ fífẹ̀ kan.

*Characteristics of plantation farming # Àwọn àbùdá iṣẹ́ oko aládàáńlá*

(a) Ó nílò agbègbè ilẹ̀ fífẹ̀.

(b) Ó nílò ìdókòwò ojúowó gọbọi.

(d) Ó nílò lílò àwọn ẹ̀rọ bíi katakata, irin-ìtúlẹ̀, abbl.

(e) Ìkórè máa ń pọ̀ yan̄turu.

(f) A lè ní in láti ọwọ́ ìjọba, àwọn aládàáni tàbí àwọn àjọ.

(g) Àtìjáde tàbí ìkórè máa ń wà gbòógì fún títà.

3) Mechanised farming # Iṣẹ́ oko àfẹ̀rọṣe: Iṣẹ́ oko àfẹ̀rọṣe, tí a tún mọ̀ sí iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn káràkátà, jẹ́ irú iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn tó ní nǹkan í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbéjáde oúnjẹ, àwọn ẹran àti àwọn irè-oko àsọdowó ní ṣeéwọ̀n yan̄turu gbòógì fún títà. Ẹ̀yà iṣẹ́ oko àfẹ̀rọṣe kan ni iṣẹ́ oko ìpínlẹ̀. Iṣẹ́ oko ìpínlẹ̀ ni ètò iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn kan nínú èyí tí ìpínlẹ̀, nípasẹ̀ àwọn àjọ-aṣojú rẹ̀, máa ń kópa nínú iṣẹ́ oko aládàáńlá fún ọjà abẹ́lé àti ti òkèrèrè pẹ̀lú.

*Characteristics of mechanised farming # Àwọn àbùdá iṣẹ́ oko àfẹ̀rọṣe*

(a) Ó nílò agbègbè ilẹ̀ fífẹ̀.

(b) Àwọn àmúṣagbára tó dájú tó sì jẹ́ tòde-òní bíi àwọn katakata, fíkofíko àti túlẹ̀túlẹ̀ ni a máa ń lò.

(d) Ó nílò àwọn ìgbáradì ìwátajà alákànṣe.

(e) A sábà máa ń kójàánu àwọn jokojoko àti àwọn àrùn.

(f) Ó nílò àwọn àkọ́mọ̀ àkànṣe àti ìkọ́lẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní ti ìmọ̀-ètò tàbí làálàá.

(g) Ìgbéjáde wà gbòógì fún títà.

(h) A nílò ìfipamọ́ àti àwọn ìrọ̀rùn ìṣàtúndá.

(i) A máa ń mú un ṣe púpọ̀ jùlọ láti ọwọ́ àwọn àgbẹ̀ olówó gidi, àwọn kọ́ńpìnnì àti àwọn ìjọba.

4) Co-operative farming # Iṣẹ́ oko aláfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀: Èyí ni irú iṣẹ́ oko nínú èyí tí àwọn àgbẹ̀ ti n kórajọ láti dá ẹgbẹ́ kan sílẹ̀ fún èrèdí ìṣiṣẹ́ oko papọ̀ láti lè mú kí wọ́n lè jẹ̀gbádùn àwọn móríwú kan lọ́dọ̀ ìjọba. Irúfẹ́ àwọn móríwú bẹ́ẹ̀ lè níkòósínú àwọn ẹ̀yáwó, ìpèsè àtìwọlé bíi àwọn ajílẹ̀, àwọn ìrànwọ́ àti ìmúkúrò ìrọ̀rùn àwọn àgbéjáde wọn nípasẹ̀ ìwátajà elétò.

*Characteristics of co-operative farming # Àwọn àbùdá iṣẹ́ oko aláfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀*

(a) Ó jẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ àwọn àgbẹ̀.

(b) Wọ́n lè ṣe igbéjáde irú irè oko tàbí ẹran-ọ̀sìn kan.

(d) Ó ní àwọn ọjà elétò fún àwọn àgbéjáde wọn.

(e) Àtijáde máa ń ga nítorí àwọn ọrọ̀ ti àwọn àgbẹ̀ tùjọ.

*Importance or contribution of agriculture to economic development of West Africa # Pàtàkì tàbí ìdásí iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn sí ìdàgbàsókè ọlọ́rọ̀ajé ti Ìwọ̀oòrùn Àfíríkà*

(1) Provision of food # Ìpèsè oúnjẹ́: Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn máa ń pèsè oúnjẹ bíi agbado, ìrẹsì, ẹran, wàrà àti ẹyin fún ìṣàmúlò ọmọnìyàn, yálà ní tútù tàbí ní ìrí àtúndá.

(2) Provision of materials for clothing # Ìpèsè àwọn ohun-èlò fún aṣọ: Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn máa ń pèsè owú àti fọ́nránwùú fún ìgbéjáde aṣọ, bàtà, ìgbànú, fìlà àti àpò.

(3) Employment for the working population # Ìpèsè iṣẹ́ fún àwọn agbélùú tó ń ṣiṣẹ́: Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn àti àwọn agbooléèṣẹ ajẹmọ́ṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn máa ń pèsè àwọn àǹfààní iṣẹ́ fún 60 sí 70% àwọn agbélùú.

(4) Source of foreign exchange # Orísun pàṣípààrọ̀ òkèèrè: Nípasẹ̀ ìkójáde àwọn àgbéjáde iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn bíi kòkó, obì, ẹ̀pà, èròjà ọ̀pẹ àti òwú, orílẹ̀èdè kan máa ń lágbára láti pawó lórí pàṣípààrọ̀ òkèèrè.

(5) Generation of income # Ìgbéjáde owó àpawọlé: Títà àwọn irè oko àti àwọn àgbéjáde wọn, àwọn ẹran-ọ̀sìn àti àwọn àgbéjáde wọn, máa ń pèsè owó-àpawọlé fún àwọn àgbẹ̀.

(6) Provision of materials for shelter # Ìpèsè àwọn ohun-èlò fún ilégbèé: Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn máa ń pèsè àwọn ohn-èlò pàtàkì fún ìkọ́lé, bíi àwọn òpó, ìlẹ̀kùn, fèrèsé, òrùlé àti àwọn ohun-èlò tí a nílò fún àwọn amúléyẹ bíi àwọn àga, tábìlì àti ìbùsùn.

(7) Development of towns # Ìdàgbàsokè àwọn ìlú: Ìdàgbàsókè máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ níbi ti iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn káràkátà wà, ní bí àwọn ohun amúlùúdùn bíi ẹ̀lẹ́tíríkì, omi inú ọ̀pá àti àwọn òpópọ́nà yóò ṣe di pípèsè.

(8) Provision of facilities for recreation and tourism # Ìpèsè àwọn ìrọ̀rùn fún ìdárayá àti ìgbafẹ́: Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn máa ń yọrí sí ìgbékalẹ̀ àwọn ibi ìyàsọ́tọ̀ àwọn ẹranko àti ìpèsè àwọn ẹṣin fún ìdíje ẹlẹ́ṣin àti bọ́ọ̀lù ẹlẹ́ṣin pẹ̀lú.

(9) Provision of market for industrial goods # Ìpèsè ọjà fún àwọn ire agbooléeṣẹ́: Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn máa ń pèsè ọjà fún àwọn agbéjáde agbooléeṣẹ́ bíi àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìdáko, kẹ́míkà, ajílẹ̀, ìṣàtúndá àti ìrọ̀rùn ìkópamọ́.

(10) Provision of raw materials for industries # Ìpèsè àwọn ohun èlò atokodé fún àwọn agbooléeṣẹ́: Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn máa ń pèsè àwọn ohun èlò atokodé fún ọ̀pọ̀lọ́pọ̀ àwọn agbooléeṣẹ́ fún bíbẹ títí. Àwọn agbooléeṣẹ́ tó gbaralé iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn fún àwọn ohun èlò atokodé wọn ni à ń pè ní agboléeṣẹ́ ajẹmọ́ṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbooléeṣẹ́ ohun mímu gbaralé kòkó fún ìgbéjáde ọ̀pọ̀lọ́pọ̀ oúnjẹ àpòmu bíi Bournvita, Pronto àti Ovaltine. Bákan náà ni àwọn agbooléeṣẹ́ ìrànwú, ìhunṣọ àti àwọn agbooléeṣẹ́ aṣọ híhun mìíràn máa ń gbáralé irun ẹranko àti owú tààrà fún ìgbéjáde àwọn ohun èlò aṣọ.

*Contribution of agriculture to industrial development of Nigeria # Ìdásí iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn sí ìdàgbàsókè agbooléeṣẹ́ ti Nàìjíríà*

(1) Provision of food # Ìpèsè oúnjẹ: Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn máa ń pèsè oúnjẹ fún àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà, àlékún nínú wíwà oúnjẹ sì túmọ̀ sí àlákún nínú ìgbáyégbádùn àwọn ọmọnílùú.

(2) Provision of raw materials # Ìpèsè àwọn ohun èlò atokodé: Abala agbooléeṣẹ́ gbáralé iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn fún àwọn ohun-èlò atokodé rẹ̀, fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìrèké, kòkó, èròjà ọ̀pẹ àti òwú.

(3) Revenue for farmers and government # Owó-àpawọléeṣẹ́ fún àwọn àgbẹ̀ àti ìjọba: Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn máa ń pèsè owo-àpawọléeṣẹ́ fún àwọn àgbẹ̀ àti ìjọba Nàìjíríà.

(4) Provision of employment # Ìpèsè iṣẹ́: Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn máa ń pèsè iṣẹ́ fún ọ̀pọ̀lọ́pọ̀ ọmọ Nàìjíríà tí ì bá jẹ́ aláìníṣẹ́.

(5) Provision of foreign exchange # Ìpèsè pàṣípààrọ̀ òkèèrè: Èròjà iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn, fún àpẹẹrẹ, òwú, rọ́bà àti kòkó, máa ń jèrè pàṣípààrọ̀ òkèèrè fún orílẹ̀èdè.

(6) Provision of market for industrial goods # Ìpèsè ọjà fún àwọn ire agbooléeṣẹ́: Iṣẹ́-ọ̀gbìn máa ń pèsè ọjà fún àtijáde tàbí awọn ire agbooléeṣẹ́ ní bí àwọn àgbẹ yóò ṣe máa ra àwọn ire agbooleeeṣẹ́ bíi ọkọ́, àdá, katakata àti àwọn ajílẹ̀ fún lílò.

~Hakeem O. Adeniyan, 23/3/2022

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Economics In Yoruba Language

AGRICULTURE # IṢẸ́-Ọ̀GBÌN

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